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# This file is part of Cockpit. # # Copyright (C) 2022 Red Hat, Inc. # # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. import asyncio import codecs import json import logging import traceback import typing from typing import BinaryIO, Callable, ClassVar, Collection, Generator, Mapping, Sequence, Type from .jsonutil import JsonError, JsonObject, JsonValue, create_object, get_bool, get_enum, get_str from .protocol import CockpitProblem from .router import Endpoint, Router, RoutingRule logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) if typing.TYPE_CHECKING: _T = typing.TypeVar('_T') _P = typing.ParamSpec("_P") class ChannelRoutingRule(RoutingRule): table: 'dict[str, list[Type[Channel]]]' def __init__(self, router: Router, channel_types: 'Collection[Type[Channel]]'): super().__init__(router) self.table = {} # Sort the channels into buckets by payload type for cls in channel_types: entry = self.table.setdefault(cls.payload, []) entry.append(cls) # Within each bucket, sort the channels so those with more # restrictions are considered first. for entry in self.table.values(): entry.sort(key=lambda cls: len(cls.restrictions), reverse=True) def capabilities(self) -> JsonObject: result: 'dict[str, list[str]]' = {} for payload, impls in self.table.items(): caps: 'list[str]' = [] for impl in impls: caps.extend(impl.capabilities) result[payload] = caps return result def check_restrictions(self, restrictions: 'Collection[tuple[str, object]]', options: JsonObject) -> bool: for key, expected_value in restrictions: our_value = options.get(key) # If the match rule specifies that a value must be present and # we don't have it, then fail. if our_value is None: return False # If the match rule specified a specific expected value, and # our value doesn't match it, then fail. if expected_value is not None and our_value != expected_value: return False # Everything checked out return True def apply_rule(self, options: JsonObject) -> 'Channel | None': assert self.router is not None payload = options.get('payload') if not isinstance(payload, str): return None for cls in self.table.get(payload, []): if self.check_restrictions(cls.restrictions, options): return cls(self.router) else: return None def shutdown(self) -> None: pass # we don't hold any state class ChannelError(CockpitProblem): pass class Channel(Endpoint): # Values borrowed from C implementation BLOCK_SIZE = 16 * 1024 SEND_WINDOW = 2 * 1024 * 1024 # Flow control book-keeping _send_pings: bool = False _out_sequence: int = 0 _out_window: int = SEND_WINDOW _ack_bytes: bool # Task management _tasks: 'set[asyncio.Task]' _close_args: 'JsonObject | None' = None # Must be filled in by the channel implementation payload: 'ClassVar[str]' restrictions: 'ClassVar[Sequence[tuple[str, object]]]' = () capabilities: 'ClassVar[Sequence[str]]' = () # These get filled in from .do_open() channel = '' group = '' is_binary: bool decoder: 'codecs.IncrementalDecoder | None' # input def do_control(self, command: str, message: JsonObject) -> None: # Break the various different kinds of control messages out into the # things that our subclass may be interested in handling. We drop the # 'message' field for handlers that don't need it. if command == 'open': self._tasks = set() self.channel = get_str(message, 'channel') if get_bool(message, 'flow-control', default=False): self._send_pings = True self._ack_bytes = get_enum(message, 'send-acks', ['bytes'], None) is not None self.group = get_str(message, 'group', 'default') self.is_binary = get_enum(message, 'binary', ['raw'], None) is not None self.decoder = None self.freeze_endpoint() self.do_open(message) elif command == 'ready': self.do_ready() elif command == 'done': self.do_done() elif command == 'close': self.do_close() elif command == 'ping': self.do_ping(message) elif command == 'pong': self.do_pong(message) elif command == 'options': self.do_options(message) def do_channel_control(self, channel: str, command: str, message: JsonObject) -> None: # Already closing? Ignore. if self._close_args is not None: return # Catch errors and turn them into close messages try: try: self.do_control(command, message) except JsonError as exc: raise ChannelError('protocol-error', message=str(exc)) from exc except ChannelError as exc: self.close(exc.get_attrs()) def do_kill(self, host: 'str | None', group: 'str | None', _message: JsonObject) -> None: # Already closing? Ignore. if self._close_args is not None: return if host is not None: return if group is not None and self.group != group: return self.do_close() # At least this one really ought to be implemented... def do_open(self, options: JsonObject) -> None: raise NotImplementedError # ... but many subclasses may reasonably want to ignore some of these. def do_ready(self) -> None: pass def do_done(self) -> None: pass def do_close(self) -> None: self.close() def do_options(self, message: JsonObject) -> None: raise ChannelError('not-supported', message='This channel does not implement "options"') # 'reasonable' default, overridden in other channels for receive-side flow control def do_ping(self, message: JsonObject) -> None: self.send_pong(message) def send_ack(self, data: bytes) -> None: if self._ack_bytes: self.send_control('ack', bytes=len(data)) def do_channel_data(self, channel: str, data: bytes) -> None: # Already closing? Ignore. if self._close_args is not None: return # Catch errors and turn them into close messages try: if not self.do_data(data): self.send_ack(data) except ChannelError as exc: self.close(exc.get_attrs()) def do_data(self, data: bytes) -> 'bool | None': """Handles incoming data to the channel. Return value is True if the channel takes care of send acks on its own, in which case it should call self.send_ack() on `data` at some point. None or False means that the acknowledgement is sent automatically.""" # By default, channels can't receive data. del data self.close() return True # output def ready(self, **kwargs: JsonValue) -> None: self.thaw_endpoint() self.send_control(command='ready', **kwargs) def __decode_frame(self, data: bytes, *, final: bool = False) -> str: assert self.decoder is not None try: return self.decoder.decode(data, final=final) except UnicodeDecodeError as exc: raise ChannelError('protocol-error', message=str(exc)) from exc def done(self) -> None: # any residue from partial send_data() frames? this is invalid, fail the channel if self.decoder is not None: self.__decode_frame(b'', final=True) self.send_control(command='done') # tasks and close management def is_closing(self) -> bool: return self._close_args is not None def _close_now(self) -> None: self.shutdown_endpoint(self._close_args) def _task_done(self, task): # Strictly speaking, we should read the result and check for exceptions but: # - exceptions bubbling out of the task are programming errors # - the only thing we'd do with it anyway, is to show it # - Python already does that with its "Task exception was never retrieved" messages self._tasks.remove(task) if self._close_args is not None and not self._tasks: self._close_now() def create_task(self, coroutine, name=None): """Create a task associated with the channel. All tasks must exit before the channel can close. You may not create new tasks after calling .close(). """ assert self._close_args is None task = asyncio.create_task(coroutine) self._tasks.add(task) task.add_done_callback(self._task_done) return task def close(self, close_args: 'JsonObject | None' = None) -> None: """Requests the channel to be closed. After you call this method, you won't get anymore `.do_*()` calls. This will wait for any running tasks to complete before sending the close message. """ if self._close_args is not None: # close already requested return self._close_args = close_args or {} if not self._tasks: self._close_now() def send_bytes(self, data: bytes) -> bool: """Send binary data and handle book-keeping for flow control. The flow control is "advisory". The data is sent immediately, even if it's larger than the window. In general you should try to send packets which are approximately Channel.BLOCK_SIZE in size. Returns True if there is still room in the window, or False if you should stop writing for now. In that case, `.do_resume_send()` will be called later when there is more room. Be careful with text channels (i.e. without binary="raw"): you are responsible for ensuring that @data is valid UTF-8. This isn't validated here for efficiency reasons. """ self.send_channel_data(self.channel, data) if self._send_pings: out_sequence = self._out_sequence + len(data) if self._out_sequence // Channel.BLOCK_SIZE != out_sequence // Channel.BLOCK_SIZE: self.send_control(command='ping', sequence=out_sequence) self._out_sequence = out_sequence return self._out_sequence < self._out_window def send_data(self, data: bytes) -> bool: """Send data and transparently handle UTF-8 for text channels Use this for channels which can be text, but are not guaranteed to get valid UTF-8 frames -- i.e. multi-byte characters may be split across frames. This is expensive, so prefer send_text() or send_bytes() wherever possible. """ if self.is_binary: return self.send_bytes(data) # for text channels we must avoid splitting UTF-8 multi-byte characters, # as these can't be sent to a WebSocket (and are often confusing for text streams as well) if self.decoder is None: self.decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder('utf-8')(errors='strict') return self.send_text(self.__decode_frame(data)) def send_text(self, data: str) -> bool: """Send UTF-8 string data and handle book-keeping for flow control. Similar to `send_bytes`, but for text data. The data is sent as UTF-8 encoded bytes. """ return self.send_bytes(data.encode()) def send_json(self, msg: 'JsonObject | None' = None, **kwargs: JsonValue) -> bool: pretty = self.json_encoder.encode(create_object(msg, kwargs)) + '\n' return self.send_text(pretty) def do_pong(self, message): if not self._send_pings: # huh? logger.warning("Got wild pong on channel %s", self.channel) return self._out_window = message['sequence'] + Channel.SEND_WINDOW if self._out_sequence < self._out_window: self.do_resume_send() def do_resume_send(self) -> None: """Called to indicate that the channel may start sending again.""" # change to `raise NotImplementedError` after everyone implements it json_encoder: 'ClassVar[json.JSONEncoder]' = json.JSONEncoder(indent=2) def send_control(self, command: str, **kwargs: JsonValue) -> None: self.send_channel_control(self.channel, command, None, **kwargs) def send_pong(self, message: JsonObject) -> None: self.send_channel_control(self.channel, 'pong', message) class ProtocolChannel(Channel, asyncio.Protocol): """A channel subclass that implements the asyncio Protocol interface. In effect, data sent to this channel will be written to the connected transport, and vice-versa. Flow control is supported. The default implementation of the .do_open() method calls the .create_transport() abstract method. This method should return a transport which will be used for communication on the channel. Otherwise, if the subclass implements .do_open() itself, it is responsible for setting up the connection and ensuring that .connection_made() is called. """ _transport: 'asyncio.Transport | None' = None _send_pongs: bool = True _last_ping: 'JsonObject | None' = None _create_transport_task: 'asyncio.Task[asyncio.Transport] | None' = None _ready_info: 'JsonObject | None' = None # read-side EOF handling _close_on_eof: bool = False _eof: bool = False async def create_transport(self, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, options: JsonObject) -> asyncio.Transport: """Creates the transport for this channel, according to options. The event loop for the transport is passed to the function. The protocol for the transport is the channel object, itself (self). This needs to be implemented by the subclass. """ raise NotImplementedError def do_open(self, options: JsonObject) -> None: loop = asyncio.get_running_loop() self._create_transport_task = asyncio.create_task(self.create_transport(loop, options)) self._create_transport_task.add_done_callback(self.create_transport_done) def create_transport_done(self, task: 'asyncio.Task[asyncio.Transport]') -> None: assert task is self._create_transport_task self._create_transport_task = None try: transport = task.result() except ChannelError as exc: self.close(exc.get_attrs()) return self.connection_made(transport) if self._ready_info is not None: self.ready(**self._ready_info) else: self.ready() def connection_made(self, transport: asyncio.BaseTransport) -> None: assert isinstance(transport, asyncio.Transport) self._transport = transport def _get_close_args(self) -> JsonObject: return {} def connection_lost(self, exc: 'Exception | None') -> None: self.close(self._get_close_args()) def do_data(self, data: bytes) -> None: assert self._transport is not None self._transport.write(data) def do_done(self) -> None: assert self._transport is not None if self._transport.can_write_eof(): self._transport.write_eof() def do_close(self) -> None: if self._transport is not None: self._transport.close() def data_received(self, data: bytes) -> None: assert self._transport is not None try: if not self.send_data(data): self._transport.pause_reading() except ChannelError as exc: self.close(exc.get_attrs()) def do_resume_send(self) -> None: assert self._transport is not None self._transport.resume_reading() def close_on_eof(self) -> None: """Mark the channel to be closed on EOF. Normally, ProtocolChannel tries to keep the channel half-open after receiving EOF from the transport. This instructs that the channel should be closed on EOF. If EOF was already received, then calling this function will close the channel immediately. If you don't call this function, you are responsible for closing the channel yourself. """ self._close_on_eof = True if self._eof: assert self._transport is not None self._transport.close() def eof_received(self) -> bool: self._eof = True self.done() return not self._close_on_eof # Channel receive-side flow control def do_ping(self, message): if self._send_pongs: self.send_pong(message) else: # we'll have to pong later self._last_ping = message def pause_writing(self) -> None: # We can't actually stop writing, but we can stop replying to pings self._send_pongs = False def resume_writing(self) -> None: self._send_pongs = True if self._last_ping is not None: self.send_pong(self._last_ping) self._last_ping = None class AsyncChannel(Channel): """A subclass for async/await-style implementation of channels, with flow control This subclass provides asynchronous `read()` and `write()` calls for subclasses, with familiar semantics. `write()` doesn't buffer, so the `done()` method on the base channel class can be used in a way similar to `shutdown()`. A high-level `sendfile()` method is available to send the entire contents of a binary-mode file-like object. The subclass must provide an async `run()` function, which will be spawned as a task. The task is cancelled when the channel is closed. On the receiving side, the channel will respond to flow control pings to indicate that it has received the data, but only after it has been consumed by `read()`. On the sending side, write() will block if the channel backs up. """ # Receive-side flow control: intermix pings and data in the queue and reply # to pings as we dequeue them. EOF is None. This is a buffer: since we # need to handle do_data() without blocking, we have no choice. receive_queue: 'asyncio.Queue[bytes | JsonObject | None]' loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop # Send-side flow control write_waiter = None async def run(self, options: JsonObject) -> 'JsonObject | None': raise NotImplementedError async def run_wrapper(self, options: JsonObject) -> None: try: self.loop = asyncio.get_running_loop() self.close(await self.run(options)) except asyncio.CancelledError: # user requested close self.close() except ChannelError as exc: self.close(exc.get_attrs()) except JsonError as exc: self.close({'problem': 'protocol-error', 'message': str(exc)}) except BaseException: self.close({'problem': 'internal-error', 'cause': traceback.format_exc()}) raise async def read(self) -> 'bytes | None': # Three possibilities for what we'll find: # - None (EOF) → return None # - a ping → send a pong # - bytes (possibly empty) → ack the receipt, and return it while True: item = await self.receive_queue.get() if item is None: return None if isinstance(item, Mapping): self.send_pong(item) else: self.send_ack(item) return item async def write(self, data: bytes) -> None: if not self.send_data(data): self.write_waiter = self.loop.create_future() await self.write_waiter async def in_thread(self, fn: 'Callable[_P, _T]', *args: '_P.args', **kwargs: '_P.kwargs') -> '_T': return await self.loop.run_in_executor(None, fn, *args, **kwargs) async def sendfile(self, stream: BinaryIO) -> None: with stream: while True: data = await self.loop.run_in_executor(None, stream.read, Channel.BLOCK_SIZE) if data == b'': break await self.write(data) self.done() def do_resume_send(self) -> None: if self.write_waiter is not None: self.write_waiter.set_result(None) self.write_waiter = None def do_open(self, options: JsonObject) -> None: self.receive_queue = asyncio.Queue() self._run_task = self.create_task(self.run_wrapper(options), name=f'{self.__class__.__name__}.run_wrapper({options})') def do_done(self) -> None: self.receive_queue.put_nowait(None) def do_close(self) -> None: self._run_task.cancel() def do_ping(self, message: JsonObject) -> None: self.receive_queue.put_nowait(message) def do_data(self, data: bytes) -> bool: self.receive_queue.put_nowait(data) return True # we will send the 'ack' later (from read()) class GeneratorChannel(Channel): """A trivial Channel subclass for sending data from a generator with flow control. Calls the .do_yield_data() generator with the options from the open message and sends the data which it yields. If the generator returns a value it will be used for the close message. """ __generator: 'Generator[bytes, None, JsonObject]' def do_yield_data(self, options: JsonObject) -> 'Generator[bytes, None, JsonObject]': raise NotImplementedError def do_open(self, options: JsonObject) -> None: self.__generator = self.do_yield_data(options) self.do_resume_send() def do_resume_send(self) -> None: try: while self.send_data(next(self.__generator)): pass except StopIteration as stop: self.done() self.close(stop.value)